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Which do you prefer? A job in a distant city with a high salary, or a job in your current city with a low salary.
I would prefer to work in my current city even if the salary is low. I prefer to be near my family and my friends because I can turn to them for help whenever I meet with some difficulty or obstacles at work. Suppose I am not happy with my boss. I will need to talk to someone intimate, so I can vent my anger and complaint. I can only do so if I am working in a place near my best friends. If I work in a place far away, on the other hand, I won’t get the chance to get together with my family and friends often. Apart from this, I will also have to pay extra money to cover the cost of renting an apartment or long-distance transportation, which makes the high salary not so desirable anyway.
Should the government spend money on projects which can encourage its citizens to lead a healthier lifestyle?
I agree because the costs of caring for unhealthy individuals are ultimately passed on to citizens. With each claim, the costs of health insurance, doctor’s visits, medicines, surgeries, and long-term care increases. So, if more individuals have an incentive to do preventive health care, less will be spent on avoidable medical care costs. An additional benefit is that preventative healthcare and healthier lifestyles might save lives. For instance, early detection of certain cancers can significantly reduce the risks of losing life or limb. Government funding to encourage healthier lifestyles is worthwhile.
Should employees be required to wear suits in the workplace, or should they wear casual clothes?
In my opinion, I feel that most casual clothes are nice enough for the workplace, because many jobs require a lot of hands-on tasks, or you may be working behind the scenes and never really be seen by anyone except those who are doing the same work as you. So, for these reasons, employees do not need formal suits. For example, why would retail workers need a suit, when all that they are doing is cleaning up behind customers, and re-shelving items that are out of place or may be thrown all over the place. Also, you don’t need a suit if you are cooking food, bringing out the meals to diners or serving drinks. We don’t usually pay bills to people with suits on. As long as someone is clean and dressed appropriately, I believe that causal clothes are all that’s required.
What quality do you think is the most important for a university student? Self-motivation, hard-working, or intelligence?
I think that the most important quality for a university student is self-motivation. This is because students who are self-motivated can always find the strength and confidence to complete a task, even when this task is challenging, and they do so without giving up or needing others to encourage them. In the university there are so many challenging tasks, like coping with exams and meeting deadlines for papers. Those who are self-motivated do not need other people to tell them what to do or when to do it. They just do what needs to be done, in due time and with good quality. With self-motivation you are naturally hard-working, out of your own will rather than being forced by others. Intelligence is good too, but it doesn't always help.
Do you agree or disagree with the statement: artists and musicians are important to our society.
I definitely agree with the argument that artists and musicians play an important part in our society. First of all, they enrich our routine, monotonous and sometimes boring daily life, sort of clean the dust from our existence. Whenever I feel tired, I always listen to some soft piano music which never fails to make me feel better. Another thing is that they inspire all kinds of emotions in us such as courage, patriotism and love. You can simply think of the moment when the national anthem is played out too see my point. Music and art touch a part of our being that nothing else can. Yeah! Art and music are definitely part of my life, a very important part.
Traffic congestion is becoming worse in many cities. What can the government do to decrease the number of cars and other vehicles? Use details and examples in your response.
I think the government can do at least two things to reduce the number of vehicles running on the street. First, it can increase the level of tax imposed on each newly-purchased vehicle. This will somehow discourage people from purchasing new cars and the number of vehicles on the street will naturally decline. Second, the government can take measures to improve public transportation, such as buses and the metro system, so more people will be willing to take public transportation instead of driving. This will also effectively reduce traffic.
I would prefer to work in my current city even if the salary is low. I prefer to be near my family and my friends because I can turn to them for help whenever I meet with some difficulty or obstacles at work. Suppose I am not happy with my boss. I will need to talk to someone intimate, so I can vent my anger and complaint. I can only do so if I am working in a place near my best friends. If I work in a place far away, on the other hand, I won’t get the chance to get together with my family and friends often. Apart from this, I will also have to pay extra money to cover the cost of renting an apartment or long-distance transportation, which makes the high salary not so desirable anyway.
Should the government spend money on projects which can encourage its citizens to lead a healthier lifestyle?
I agree because the costs of caring for unhealthy individuals are ultimately passed on to citizens. With each claim, the costs of health insurance, doctor’s visits, medicines, surgeries, and long-term care increases. So, if more individuals have an incentive to do preventive health care, less will be spent on avoidable medical care costs. An additional benefit is that preventative healthcare and healthier lifestyles might save lives. For instance, early detection of certain cancers can significantly reduce the risks of losing life or limb. Government funding to encourage healthier lifestyles is worthwhile.
Should employees be required to wear suits in the workplace, or should they wear casual clothes?
In my opinion, I feel that most casual clothes are nice enough for the workplace, because many jobs require a lot of hands-on tasks, or you may be working behind the scenes and never really be seen by anyone except those who are doing the same work as you. So, for these reasons, employees do not need formal suits. For example, why would retail workers need a suit, when all that they are doing is cleaning up behind customers, and re-shelving items that are out of place or may be thrown all over the place. Also, you don’t need a suit if you are cooking food, bringing out the meals to diners or serving drinks. We don’t usually pay bills to people with suits on. As long as someone is clean and dressed appropriately, I believe that causal clothes are all that’s required.
What quality do you think is the most important for a university student? Self-motivation, hard-working, or intelligence?
I think that the most important quality for a university student is self-motivation. This is because students who are self-motivated can always find the strength and confidence to complete a task, even when this task is challenging, and they do so without giving up or needing others to encourage them. In the university there are so many challenging tasks, like coping with exams and meeting deadlines for papers. Those who are self-motivated do not need other people to tell them what to do or when to do it. They just do what needs to be done, in due time and with good quality. With self-motivation you are naturally hard-working, out of your own will rather than being forced by others. Intelligence is good too, but it doesn't always help.
Do you agree or disagree with the statement: artists and musicians are important to our society.
I definitely agree with the argument that artists and musicians play an important part in our society. First of all, they enrich our routine, monotonous and sometimes boring daily life, sort of clean the dust from our existence. Whenever I feel tired, I always listen to some soft piano music which never fails to make me feel better. Another thing is that they inspire all kinds of emotions in us such as courage, patriotism and love. You can simply think of the moment when the national anthem is played out too see my point. Music and art touch a part of our being that nothing else can. Yeah! Art and music are definitely part of my life, a very important part.
Traffic congestion is becoming worse in many cities. What can the government do to decrease the number of cars and other vehicles? Use details and examples in your response.
I think the government can do at least two things to reduce the number of vehicles running on the street. First, it can increase the level of tax imposed on each newly-purchased vehicle. This will somehow discourage people from purchasing new cars and the number of vehicles on the street will naturally decline. Second, the government can take measures to improve public transportation, such as buses and the metro system, so more people will be willing to take public transportation instead of driving. This will also effectively reduce traffic.
Speaking 1 & 2
Describe your favorite subject you studied. Explain why it is your favorite subject. Include reasons and examples to support your response.
A: My favorite subject in school was math. I love math because no matter how complex the problems are, there are always solutions to them, and I can always find the solutions. Maybe I have inherited a certain gift from my parents who are both scientists. The day I first started to learn algebra was fantastic. Suddenly, there weren’t just numbers involved, but letters too! That opened up a new world of possibilities. I remember spending an entire rainy afternoon just solving algebra problems for fun. I also love math because it is everywhere around you. The measurements for the building you’re in, the equations necessary to make a car engine run…Math is so fundamental to our lives. It’s wonderful.
B: I studied English for 12 years and French for the past 2 years, and I have to say I really love studying foreign languages as a subject. I take great pleasure in being able to talk and interact with people of different countries, and to hear them express divergent views on the same issue. Also, English or French come in quite handy when I travel to Europe. Traveling is so much easier if you can read the metro schedule and you can discuss the price with the taxi driver. You also know a little better what you’re eating when you order from the menu.
A: My favorite subject in school was math. I love math because no matter how complex the problems are, there are always solutions to them, and I can always find the solutions. Maybe I have inherited a certain gift from my parents who are both scientists. The day I first started to learn algebra was fantastic. Suddenly, there weren’t just numbers involved, but letters too! That opened up a new world of possibilities. I remember spending an entire rainy afternoon just solving algebra problems for fun. I also love math because it is everywhere around you. The measurements for the building you’re in, the equations necessary to make a car engine run…Math is so fundamental to our lives. It’s wonderful.
B: I studied English for 12 years and French for the past 2 years, and I have to say I really love studying foreign languages as a subject. I take great pleasure in being able to talk and interact with people of different countries, and to hear them express divergent views on the same issue. Also, English or French come in quite handy when I travel to Europe. Traveling is so much easier if you can read the metro schedule and you can discuss the price with the taxi driver. You also know a little better what you’re eating when you order from the menu.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are old enough to do so.
It is a very good idea to have children do chores around the house. I also think that this can start at a very early age. It is not necessarily about getting the job done, because the parents can do the dishes much faster when they do it themselves. It is about teaching the children that everybody in the family has to pitch in, that work doesn't get done by itself and that there will come a day when they will be the ones responsible to get things done. It's good to be prepared for the life they will live on their own one day. I also think it helps children become more self-sufficient and give them better self-awareness when they can do something for somebody else and derive satisfaction from that.
It is a very good idea to have children do chores around the house. I also think that this can start at a very early age. It is not necessarily about getting the job done, because the parents can do the dishes much faster when they do it themselves. It is about teaching the children that everybody in the family has to pitch in, that work doesn't get done by itself and that there will come a day when they will be the ones responsible to get things done. It's good to be prepared for the life they will live on their own one day. I also think it helps children become more self-sufficient and give them better self-awareness when they can do something for somebody else and derive satisfaction from that.
寫作題目練習
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students could receive a better, more efficient education if they spend 11 months a year studying.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students could receive a better, more efficient education if they spend 11 months a year studying.
Some people prefer to have classes during the day and do part-time jobs in the evening while others prefer to have classes in the evening and do part-time jobs during the day. Which do you prefer?
I prefer to have classes during the day and a part-time job in the evening. That’s mainly because if I’m in a lecture class in a warm dark room and it’s getting later into the evening, there’s a very good chance I’m going to be falling asleep at my desk! That’s not helpful to my studies and it definitely doesn’t make my professors happy if they notice. So, I much prefer to go to class in the daytime when the sun is shining and I’m wide awake. I might still be sleepy at my evening job, but at least there I’m continually engaged by my co-workers and customers. They kind of keep me alert. I’m talking to people and not just sitting in silence. I feel like everything just works out better that way.
Describe the changes in your life five years from now on. Include specific examples and details in your explanation.
In five years’ time, I hope to have moved to the country. Living on a small farm would be ideal. I want to raise chickens and grow vegetables and be able to drink my coffee out on my front porch in the morning in complete peaceful silence. Hopefully by then I will have submitted some of my photographs to magazines and had them published; that’s been a dream of mine for a long time. I also think I will be more relaxed in five years. I was kind of an anxious teenager, but have started to calm down more recently. That will continue, I think. I’ll keep meditating and practicing tai chi and just feel more at peace with everything. I also hope to have paid off my student loans by then! That will definitely help me to be less stressed!
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Power and money is the symbol of success.
I disagree with this. Of course, it can be very nice to have power and money. Some people out there have the whole package: power, money, family, good health, and so on. They could definitely be called successful in their life. But to aim for only power and money seems kind of shortsighted. I’ve known too many cold, shallow people who have a good job and are quite wealthy, but shut out others and don’t even seem to enjoy themselves. They become selfish and strange and still oddly unsatisfied. Meanwhile, there are many people who may not be rich, but they make the best out of everything. They find joy in their loved ones and hobbies. When they do have money to spare, they appreciate it. They’re happy, and I think that’s what true success is.
Among the following three professions, which do you think make the biggest contribution to society? Teachers, famers, doctors.
I think teachers make the biggest contribution to society. If you’re thinking of it from the base level of young children, four and five year-olds who have not yet entered school, how do they eventually become doctors? How do they become business leaders and scientists and writers and chefs and engineers? They have to be taught! They not only have to be taught the specifics of their field when they’re old enough, but they have to be taught general information throughout their childhood to even get them to the point of having a career. No matter what a person eventually contributes to society, there’s a good chance that at some point in their life they were inspired and taught by a teacher!
Do you agree or disagree with the following question. In order to stay happy, you must have a job that you love doing.
I kind of agree with this. I don’t think you have to do a job that you love in order to stay happy. I mean, it is possible for a person to be happy even if he or she is doing something that’s not completely enjoyable. If you’re a struggling sculptor, for instance, who is working at a grocery store to be able to pay your rent, I don’t think that’s a reason to be unhappy! Sometimes you need to take any job you can; there’s no shame in that. Just continue to work on your sculptures on the weekends and never give up on your passion. Keep it alive. And maybe someday you will find steady work as a sculptor. It’s completely possible!
Describe a day that you enjoyed the most or was the most special to you. Include reasons and details to support your response
My 6th birthday was a really great day. A whole bunch of my classmates and I went to the petting zoo and played with all the animals. We got to pet the goats and rabbits and feed them little handfuls of food. Then, the best part, all of us kids got to take turns riding a pony around the barnyard! I still remember her name was Sheba and she was gray with pretty, almost silver speckles. I’m sure she was walking pretty slowly in her little circle, but to a six year-old it was like a rollercoaster ride! Then my parents brought out the ice cream cake. It was so delicious! I still enjoy birthdays now, but something about birthdays when you’re a little kid is just extra exciting. Those are some of my best memories.
What is one style of clothing that the students in your school tend to wear? Why do you like this style of clothing?
In my opinion, style of clothing reflects both popularity, and personality. Students in my school tend to wear a ‘Preppy Style’. This style is often associated with young students who are engaged and excited about learning, but who like to show some individuality and status. For example, students sport brand named labels of shirts, sweaters, jackets, and slacks. They also wear a certain type of flat shoe, tennis or sneaker. Western brands such as Aeropostale, Old Navy, and Hollister have popular ‘preppy styles’. ‘Preppy students’, as they are often referred to, like to be seen and known as studious. They always carry their backpacks, and may even wear ‘eye glasses’ to complete their ‘preppy’ look. I like this style of clothing because whether students are genuinely ‘preppy’ or just like to mimic the look, the competitiveness seems healthy. ‘The Preppy style’ student may aspire to better grades.
What kind of job will you choose? A job through which you can get a lot of money or a job through which you can get great personal satisfaction.
I will definitely choose the second one-a job through which I can obtain great personal satisfaction. I have two reasons for this choice. To begin with, a job takes up at least eight hours per day, which is one third of our lives in total. If I am assigned to boring tasks or things I don’t like to do, I feel unhappy all day and that is the last thing I want. Moreover, money plays only a minor role in my life, compared with personal satisfaction and leisure. So basically I will try my best to find my “labor of love”, because once I do so, my job will become my leisure and I feel happy and contented all day long.
Describe one way to improve the system of education in your country. Use specific details and examples to support your opinion.
It is hard to define a perfect solution to the improvement of education system since it’s such a complicated and multifaceted subject. But if I have to, I would like to say that diversifying the evaluation methods of the admission into the university will definitely help a lot. That means we should put more attention to students’ other performances rather than depend solely on their academic scores. For example, students’ performance as well as attendance of those so-called less important subjects such as art, PE and so forth should be taken into account when assessing their qualification. Only if we carry out this principle in school can students take those subjects seriously and could have a chance to get really stretched. How to improve the education system is a long-term problem confronting both parents and the government .It could turn out to be a bigger one if we give an inappropriate response to it.
Describe a time when you tried to do something that you have never done. Explain what you did and why you did it.
Talking about something I tried to do for the first time, I can’t help but think of last summer when I did my first bungee jumping in Macao. I travelled there with my friends and we were visiting the Macau Tower when we came across this big bungee jumping sign. It took me a while to collect enough courage and finally make the decision to have a try because I was not an adventurous person at all. But I thought I should do something that could make me proud of myself, so I gave it a shot. I was connected to a large elastic cord. After making sure everything was OK, I jumped off the platform. I think it was 200 or 300 meters high. The free falling lasted about 20 seconds but for me it was close to forever.
Some people like to have a break or get a job during summer vacation. Others think it is better to take a class. Which do you prefer and why?
Answer 1
During summer vacation, I prefer working to studying, because I’d like to do something that’s a bit different from what I’ve been doing all year. Having a summer job can be fun, because you can make a lot of new friends while working. It’s also great to have a bit of pocket money to buy some cool clothes for the following school year, and to have some spending money when I’m hanging out with my friends. I would consider taking claases only if my grades were slipping. Fortunately, I’m doing well in school, so I’m free to spend the time as I wish.
Answer 2
I try to take on a part-time job during my summer vacations, if I can. Sometimes it will only be for one day a week. It’s just always helpful to get the work experience and keep myself on some sort of productive schedule. I’m much less likely to take a class during the summer. I’m often so exhausted from all the homework and tests and papers from the school year that I truly need to get away from it for a while. I need to recharge. That way, I can start the new school year with a good attitude, not feeling like I’m going to crash and burn immediately. So my summers are an easy blend of relaxing and working a simple job. I find that it helps make the rest of the year more productive and fulfilling.
During summer vacation, I prefer working to studying, because I’d like to do something that’s a bit different from what I’ve been doing all year. Having a summer job can be fun, because you can make a lot of new friends while working. It’s also great to have a bit of pocket money to buy some cool clothes for the following school year, and to have some spending money when I’m hanging out with my friends. I would consider taking claases only if my grades were slipping. Fortunately, I’m doing well in school, so I’m free to spend the time as I wish.
Answer 2
I try to take on a part-time job during my summer vacations, if I can. Sometimes it will only be for one day a week. It’s just always helpful to get the work experience and keep myself on some sort of productive schedule. I’m much less likely to take a class during the summer. I’m often so exhausted from all the homework and tests and papers from the school year that I truly need to get away from it for a while. I need to recharge. That way, I can start the new school year with a good attitude, not feeling like I’m going to crash and burn immediately. So my summers are an easy blend of relaxing and working a simple job. I find that it helps make the rest of the year more productive and fulfilling.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? What a person wears can show his or her personality
I would agree, for the most part, but only in a very general sense. For instance, if someone is dressed very sharply, in a nice suit, I would think them to be professional and on-the-ball. I don’t know any details about their personality, but at least I know they were thoughtful enough and had enough foresight to dress very nicely that day. Meanwhile, if someone is wearing sweatpants and a raggedy old t-shirt with stains all over it, I might think they were sloppy and careless. Once again, they could be the nicest person in the world or a complete jerk; I have no idea about who they truly are! But their fashion choices can give me an immediate read on them, whether it’s entirely accurate or not.
Talk about a type of movie you do not like. Explain why you do not like this type of movie.
I’m not really a fan of romantic comedies. I feel like there’s so much potential for a cute, charming, funny story of two people falling in love, but the majority of the time the movies are overall failures. The women are always rigid workaholics, the men are always too perfect and bland…Everyone is just a lame stereotype that I can’t connect with. And the situations they get themselves into are so stupid! There’s a wacky misunderstanding, a frantic rush to an airport, a reunion in the rain. It’s so predictable and obvious how everything is going to turn out that I just can’t make myself care. Movies like that make romance look stale and corny. They’re not funny, either. They’re just awkward.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should do part-time jobs before attending college.
I think having a part-time job before going to college is probably a good idea. First of all, it will help you transition into living a more independent life. The responsibilities you’ll have at your job, even things like getting yourself there on time, will prepare you for the increased responsibilities of college and possibly living away from home. It can be quite a shock going from being a sheltered kid to being an adult with deadlines and precise schedules. A part-time job while still a teenager can make it easier. Also, that work experience is only going to help you in the future. Even if you’re just working at a fast food restaurant, you will gain customer service experience that will help with job searches both during and after college.
使用方法:
因為看Daniel老師部落格的人很多，所以一二題答案請參考用字內容與組織架構 ，建議不要一字不漏完全背誦
要稍微更改一下喔
加油 !! 按下read more 看更多考題
獨立口說
What are the advantages and disadvantages of allowing students to eat in class? Use specific details and examples to support your opinion.
To be honest, I can only think of one advantage, which is students won’t be starved in class. So for those who get up late in the morning and don’t have time to eat their breakfast at home, being allowed to eat in class means a rescue. But the disadvantages far outweigh the advantages. When students eat in class, there are smells in the room, and there are chewing noises. So it’s impossible for other students to focus because it destroys the learning atmosphere. Many times teachers have to wait until the students finishes their meal, which is certainly not fair to the time-conscious students. I had a situation like this with a girl who ate stuff in class. I’m sure she’s a nice girl personally, but we were all irritated because most of us were hungry, and two, it was a tough class, and three, the noise was distracting.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of allowing students to eat in class? Use specific details and examples to support your opinion.
To be honest, I can only think of one advantage, which is students won’t be starved in class. So for those who get up late in the morning and don’t have time to eat their breakfast at home, being allowed to eat in class means a rescue. But the disadvantages far outweigh the advantages. When students eat in class, there are smells in the room, and there are chewing noises. So it’s impossible for other students to focus because it destroys the learning atmosphere. Many times teachers have to wait until the students finishes their meal, which is certainly not fair to the time-conscious students. I had a situation like this with a girl who ate stuff in class. I’m sure she’s a nice girl personally, but we were all irritated because most of us were hungry, and two, it was a tough class, and three, the noise was distracting.
University students often feel home sick when they are away from home. What do you often do to deal with home sickness?
I think the key to beating homesickness is keeping a positive attitude. More specifically, find an activity to do when you miss your family. Painting is a good choice. You can always send your creation back home so a part of you will be with them. This also keeps you from focusing on home too much. More importantly, make sure you have a friend. You will be homesick much more often if you’re lonely. Having a friend provides a distraction from feeling bad, and it also gives you someone to talk to about it who can comfort you and make you feel better. If the above two solutions don’t work. Try thinking this way: you are indeed lucky to have a place or people that are worth missing. Wouldn’t it be worse if you didn’t miss them at all?
I think the key to beating homesickness is keeping a positive attitude. More specifically, find an activity to do when you miss your family. Painting is a good choice. You can always send your creation back home so a part of you will be with them. This also keeps you from focusing on home too much. More importantly, make sure you have a friend. You will be homesick much more often if you’re lonely. Having a friend provides a distraction from feeling bad, and it also gives you someone to talk to about it who can comfort you and make you feel better. If the above two solutions don’t work. Try thinking this way: you are indeed lucky to have a place or people that are worth missing. Wouldn’t it be worse if you didn’t miss them at all?
使用方法:
因為看Daniel老師部落格的人很多，所以一二題答案請參考用字內容與組織架構 ，建議不要一字不漏完全背誦
要稍微更改一下喔 加油 !!
因為看Daniel老師部落格的人很多，所以一二題答案請參考用字內容與組織架構 ，建議不要一字不漏完全背誦
要稍微更改一下喔 加油 !!
Describe your favorite subject at school. Explain why this subject is your favorite.
My favorite subject at school has always been history. I enjoy history because by learning about people and events in the past, I begin to realize how the world and its people came to be as they are today. For example, to understand why even as a Chinese citizen I cannot go to Hong Kong as freely as I wish, I’d have to know certain historical periods and events. Another reason I enjoy studying history is because I was fortunate to have a number of excellent history instructors throughout my high school years. They never forced me to memorize stuff. Instead, they told us exciting stories and introduced us the greatest minds in human history. They made George Washington or Napoleon vivid persons rather than just historical figures.
My favorite subject at school has always been history. I enjoy history because by learning about people and events in the past, I begin to realize how the world and its people came to be as they are today. For example, to understand why even as a Chinese citizen I cannot go to Hong Kong as freely as I wish, I’d have to know certain historical periods and events. Another reason I enjoy studying history is because I was fortunate to have a number of excellent history instructors throughout my high school years. They never forced me to memorize stuff. Instead, they told us exciting stories and introduced us the greatest minds in human history. They made George Washington or Napoleon vivid persons rather than just historical figures.
Some people prefer outdoor activities such as basketball. Others prefer indoor activities such as yoga. Which would you prefer and why?
Some people prefer indoor activities because they think it's less physically demanding. However, I think outdoor activities like playing basketball with my friends in an open basketball court are much better. First, outdoor activities are often more strenuous and so they can exercise your body more. If you stay indoors to do yoga, it probably consumes less energy than playing football or badminton. Secondly, many outdoor activities are team sports, in which a team of players work together for the same goal, i.e. to win the game. So you are more likely to make new friends and develop interpersonal skills better. Last but not least, you can have more chances to get close with the nature, which means sunshine, fresh air and more space. This is something indoor activities can never provide.
Some people prefer indoor activities because they think it's less physically demanding. However, I think outdoor activities like playing basketball with my friends in an open basketball court are much better. First, outdoor activities are often more strenuous and so they can exercise your body more. If you stay indoors to do yoga, it probably consumes less energy than playing football or badminton. Secondly, many outdoor activities are team sports, in which a team of players work together for the same goal, i.e. to win the game. So you are more likely to make new friends and develop interpersonal skills better. Last but not least, you can have more chances to get close with the nature, which means sunshine, fresh air and more space. This is something indoor activities can never provide.
What type of music do you enjoy most? Explain why you enjoy this type of music. Include reasons and details in you explanation.
I enjoy classic rock and roll from the 1960s and 1970s. My favorite bands are The Beatles and The Rolling Stones, but there are dozens of others that I love as well. Not only are the songs from that era extremely catchy and fun, but they kind of transport you to a different time when you listen to them. You feel the rebelliousness in the guitar solos and the yells of the lead singers. You feel the sheer energy of the era, which was spurred on by social events both good and bad. It was just a wild time back then! And listening to the rock music makes everything seem so immediate. No picture of the 1960s and 1970s is complete without the music. I never get tired of it.
Your university is planning to replace paper books and magazines in its library with electronic books. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this plan?
One of the advantages is that it can save a lot of space. Thousands of books could be stored in a single compact electronic device the size of a palm. Another advantage is that it can save a lot of trees from being cut down to make paper for books. However, there are also some disadvantages too. For example, those electronic devices are run by batteries. so it might a bit inconveniet to recharge them all the time. Another disadvantage is that some of the electronic devices are quite expensive so not everyone could afford to buy one.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It's easier to teach children in primary schools than students in universities. Include reasons and details in your explanation.
I don’t agree with this opinion. I think it is more difficult to teach children in primary schools mainly because the discipline is harder to maintain. There may be many distractions for children that will keep them from learning, and they have a much shorter attention span. On the other hand, students in universities are better at self-motivation and discipline. They are also more aware of the importance of utilizing their time productively. There is a sense of urgency because it is all about their future. There are, of course, many distractions for university students as well, but as adults they are expected to know how to handle them.
Should the government spend money on projects which can encourage its citizens to lead a healthier lifestyle?
I agree because the costs of caring for unhealthy individuals are ultimately passed on to citizens. With each claim, the costs of health insurance, doctor’s visits, medicines, surgeries, and long-term care increases. So, if more individuals have an incentive to do preventive health care, less will be spent on avoidable medical care costs. An additional benefit is that preventative healthcare and healthier lifestyles might save lives. For instance, early detection of certain cancers can significantly reduce the risks of losing life or limb. Government funding to encourage healthier lifestyles is worthwhile.
【學校通知】學校改變了寫作課的要求，增加discussion (學生和老師間的，學生和學生間的)。【學生意見】女學生不喜歡：1，好的talker不一定是好的writer; 2，寫作是private的，沒必要討論；3，學生間的討論theory上有用，但是in practice 不一定，有的學生害羞。
The school has made a new requirement for the essay writing class. Students are required to participate in more discussions with their teachers as well as with their classmates. In the conversation, however, the girl does not like this mew requirement. She says that essay writing should be a highly personal and private experience, so there is no need to have discussions. A good talker is not necessarily a good writer, as the girl puts it. Furthermore, the girl says that in practice, such discussion activity might not work effectively, because there will always be students who are too shy to engage in any useful discussions.
【學校通知】學校因為文學課太popular了，所以學校決定開晚課和增加一個班級人的數量。
【學生意見】男的學生不同意，他說班上人一多，discussion的機會就少了，學生就學不到很多東西，還有就是晚課時間，學生都沒有空，他們有很多activity和job都在晚上，所以晚課不現實。
【學生意見】男的學生不同意，他說班上人一多，discussion的機會就少了，學生就學不到很多東西，還有就是晚課時間，學生都沒有空，他們有很多activity和job都在晚上，所以晚課不現實。
The university announced that it’s going to make new class arrangements to meet the growing demand for the contemporary literature course. An additional evening session of the course will be provided and class size will be enlarged. In the conversation, the boy disagrees with this new arrangement. He says that the more students in a class, the less chance for each student to engage in class discussions. Therefore the quality of the learning experience will be greatly reduced. Moreover, he argues that most students are not free in the evening. They have different kinds of social activities to do at night and many have an evening job so they will not be able to attend the evening class.
【公開信】學校在考試複習期間舉辦什麼娛樂活動，期間取消校內公車，有人感到不滿給校長寫信，原因一是噪音影響在宿舍複習的人，原因二是取消校內公車對要乘車的人很不方便。
【學生意見】對話中女生認為這兩個理由都沒有說服力。首先要看書的人可以去圖書館看，不一定非要在宿舍，圖書館很安靜。其次學校很小，去哪裡都可以步行，不行橫穿學校只要30分鐘，況且公車只取消幾個小時而已，no big deal 然後題目是女生的觀點理由是什麼。
【學生意見】對話中女生認為這兩個理由都沒有說服力。首先要看書的人可以去圖書館看，不一定非要在宿舍，圖書館很安靜。其次學校很小，去哪裡都可以步行，不行橫穿學校只要30分鐘，況且公車只取消幾個小時而已，no big deal 然後題目是女生的觀點理由是什麼。
The student letter complains about the school’s upcoming entertainment event. It argues that students who are studying for their final exams will be disturbed by the noise, and the suspension of bus service during this event will also cause inconvenience to the students. In the conversation, however, the girl does not share the same view. She says that for those who want a quiet environment to study, they can do so at the school library. Furthermore, the school campus is not that big. You can walk across the campus in less than 30 minutes. Plus the bus service is only suspended for 30 minutes. It’s not a big deal.
【名詞解釋】token reward 可以有效地刺激學生學習。 【教授舉例】聽力講座裡，教授說了這種方法很有效，回顧自己經驗，給了兩個例子：1，如果要學生聽話，可以給多時間玩，結果不太有效；2，接著教授給學生 wood coin，學生可以攢著，到最後可以優先使用電腦等等，這樣促進了學生學習。
The reading passage introduces a term called token reward, which is an effective discipline tool in the classroom to reward students with desirable behaviors. The professor gives the example of a class he once taught, which had a few unruly and noisy kids. So he rewarded the other quiet kids with 15 munities extra time to play on the playground. However, some kids just didn’t care about going out to play. They just liked to draw in the classroom. So the professor devised another reward system in which he rewarded good kids with wood coins. The kids could earn enough coins to exchange for some types of priority, like using the computer first. This way, all the kids in the class were motivated and their behaviors were improved.
【名詞解釋】exposure behavior，是說鼓勵兒童反復做他們害怕的事，然後建立自信，最終克服恐懼。【教授舉例】聽力中叫獸用它自己兒子Tommy的例子，說他們家搬到LA,Tommy原來不敢和新小朋友玩，只敢趴窗上看，後來教授借買冰淇淩之機鼓勵他向小朋友們問好，回來又問一次（兩次間兒子表現已有所不同），回來後兒子甚至主動要求出去和他們一起騎車，最終，Tommy和其他小朋友過上了幸福的日子。
“Behavior exposure” is a technique often used to help children overcome fear and rebuild confidence by exposing children to the people or objects that they are afraid of. The professor further illustrates this term by using his own son Tommy as an example. Tommy was afraid of playing with other kids when his family had just moved to a new town in LA. To help Tommy overcome this fear, the professor asked him to buy an ice cream but wanted him to say hi to the kids on his way to the ice cream store. Tommy did so, and he also said hello to the kids on his way back. After this experience, Tommy was not afraid of kids in the new neighborhood any more, and he even asked to play with them.
【名詞解釋】Aggressive recruiting即商家在推廣期間給與顧客一些實惠，積累顧客，推廣期過後開始收費增加收入。【講座例子】lecture舉了一個gym的例子在說明這種策略的有效性。具體是，gym在推廣期讓消費者免費獲得健身指導，一個月以後取消免費政策，結果大部分人都繼續使用該服務，於是增加了gym的customer basis，是有效的。
Aggressive recruiting is a technique used by businesses to attract new customers. The lecture gives the example of a gym which wanted to recruit new members. In the first month, the gym offered free personal training service to its potential customers, like how to use the equipment at the gym or explaining the best way to exercise and figuring out individual training programs for each client. However, after one month, the gym cancelled the free promotion and started charging customers if they still needed the service. It turned out that most customers were willing to pay to continue their training at the gym. This proved to be an effective strategy to expand the gym’s customer base.
【學生困難】一女子上陶藝課，結果作業在deadline兩天前被她摔成3塊了。【解決方案】她覺得（1）黏起來，但怕老師發現，因為她不想得普通的分數（也可能是ask for an extension, pardon moi）（2）重做。但是她怕來不及，而且別的課要期末考試。
The girl is taking a pottery course, and was doing a pottery making assignment. But she accidently broke the pottery into 3 pieces. She could either glue the pottery back together, or start all over again by making a new one. I would recommend the girl start all over again, because she has already done it once so it won’t be too difficult to make a new one in a short time. On the other hand, if she glues it back, no matter how careful she is, there will always be cracks that can be noticed by the professor, and as a result she may get a very low score. She could look at her first assignment as learning experience and finish a much superior project with her second try.
【學生困難】女生說父母來參加他的畢業典禮，遇到了麻煩：他們從比較遠的地方來需要找地方住下，但學校附近的hotel都book滿了。【解決方案】 solution1：去她的公寓住，但她的公寓非常小，需要rearrange，她要睡沙發了。Solution2：去遠一點的hotel住，但缺點是離 學校開車20分鐘，需要租車，成本比較高。
The girl’s parents are coming to her school to attend her graduation ceremony, but she can’t find a place for them to live because all the hotels around the school are fully booked. So she could either ask her parent to live with her in her school apartment, or she could book a hotel for her parents that is about 20 minutes away from the school by car. I would recommend that the girl and her parents stay together in the girl’s apartment. Although her apartment is small, she can quickly rearrange it to make room for her mom and dad, just for one or two nights. On the other hand, if her parents live in the hotel that is quite a long way from school, they would probably have to rent a car and the cost would be too high.
【學生困難】女生要在校報發表一篇paper，但文章寫得too long to publish。【解決方案】男編輯給她兩個方案：
方案1：cut off the paper, and make it shorter就能立即發表了。但女生覺得每個部分都很重要，不願意cut，要弄短就只能Summarize了。
方案2：到暑期版summer issue上再發表。女生不太願意，因為暑假大家都放假了，教授和朋友們都不太可能看到。
方案1：cut off the paper, and make it shorter就能立即發表了。但女生覺得每個部分都很重要，不願意cut，要弄短就只能Summarize了。
方案2：到暑期版summer issue上再發表。女生不太願意，因為暑假大家都放假了，教授和朋友們都不太可能看到。
The girl wants to publish a paper in the school newspaper, but the editor feels that the paper is too long, so he suggests that the girl either cut it short or publish it later in the summer issue. I would recommend the girl to take the first option. If she can summarize the paper into a shorter version, she can have it published soon for everyone to see; however, if she waits until summer, most students and professors would be away from school so they won’t be able to see and appreciate the girl’s work. Furthermore, I don’t think the girl needs to worry too much about her paper being cut short. She can carefully make the revisions herself so that the most valuable or interesting part of the paper is unchanged.
【講座主題】講鳥類遷徙之前都會做一定的調整和改變。【相關例子】分兩方面：1，body change：長途飛行需要大量能量，為了減少停下來的次數，會提前儲存能量，吃多點存脂肪。2，習慣的改變：為了應對路上碰到的敵人，一些獨來獨往的鳥會開始social，結成group一起飛，比較安全。
The lecture talks about how birds make preparation and self-adjustment before they start migration. First, some birds may experience physical change. For example, to prepare for long distance flight, migrating birds have to store up sufficient amount of energy sustain their flight and to avoid the times they have to stop over for rest. So they would eat a lot more than they usually do to reserve energy in the form of body fat. The second change is behavioral change. During migration journeys, some birds that usually live on their own begin to act more socially. They form into a group so they can better protect themselves as a whole from predators which they may encounter during their migrating journeys.
【講課要點】不能自身移動的海底sea bottom動物dwellers（居民）獲得食物的方法，有兩種：第一種：active method。舉例：海葵sea anemone偽裝成植物，寄生在其他動物身上，釋放毒液，使遊到附近的動物paralyzed，然後抓住它們。第二種：passive method。舉例：牡蠣Oyster不動，坐等海水流把微生物tiny material送到嘴邊。
The lecture explains how immobile marine creatures living on the bottom of the sea capture their food. The first method is active method. For example, the sea anemone looks like a plant which clings itself to other moving sea animals. However, it has tentacles which can release poison to paralyze the prey nearby and then grasp it. The second method is passive method. For example, the oyster does not move on itself, but its shells are slightly open so it can draw in sea water and extract the tiny nutritional food particles that are suspended in the water.
【講座要點】：講猴子在樹上，但是在那裡，水只能在地底下得到。那麼猴子是怎麼得到水支撐生活的。第一個是absorb moisture from food，講了一個hobe的猴子，它們吃的嫩葉子裡面包含了水分，所以它們不用吃水也沒有問題。第二個是喝雨水，一個called spider猴子的，它們用cup like plant來Link在樹上，當有水的時候就用那個cup like plant來接水喝。
The lecture talks about how monkeys obtain and drink water. Two different methods are discussed. The first method is for monkeys to eat food that contains enough moisture. For example, the monkey likes to eat the tender leaves of trees that contain large quantities of moisture, so even if they do not drink water directly, these leaves would provide much of the monkeys’ water requirements. Another method is to drink the water collected and stored in various parts of the plants such as their stems, roots and leaves. For example, the spider monkey would make use of a special plant whose leaves are shaped like a cup. By attaching these cup-like leaves to the tree, spider monkeys would be able to drink the rainwater stored in them when they need more supplies of water.
獨立寫作
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to reduce air pollution is for the government to raise the cost of fuel (petrol). 6/28命中
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? An effective leader should try to make others feel that they are part of the decision making process.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to attract good students, a university should spend a lot of money funding social activities.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In the modern world, we should never be impolite to another person.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students could receive a better, more efficient education if they spend 11 months a year studying.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to truly relax and reduce stress is to spend time alone.
口說
Your friend often feels nervous when speaking in front of a large group of people. What suggestions would you give to your friend to overcome this fear?
I would give my friend the following suggestions. First, relax your body before going on stage. Easing the tension from your body can help steady your voice and relax your mind. Activities like stretching your arms or legs, or even simple things like chewing a piece of gum can help to reduce tension in the body. Second, I would recommend my friend to watch a comedy on the morning of the day before the speech. Laughing will take your mind off your nervousness. For example my favorite comedy is “The Big Bang Theory”, and I often watch it when I get nervous. It worked every time!
Talk about two singers who are popular in your country. Explain why they are popular and how they are different.
I would like to talk about Leehom Wang and Teresa Teng, two popular and influential Chinese pop singers. They have clear differences both in terms of their musical style and their audience. Leehom is an American-born singer. His musical style is known for fusing Chinese elements such as Beijing opera with hip-hop and R&B. On the other hand, Teresa Teng was known for her folk songs and romantic ballads. Many became standards in her lifetime, such as "The Moon Represents My Heart". In terms of audience, leehom has become an idol for the younger generation in China who love pop music while Teresa Teng, although she passed away nearly 20 years ago, still enjoyed great popularity, but mainly among older people born in the 50s or 60s.
I would like to talk about Leehom Wang and Teresa Teng, two popular and influential Chinese pop singers. They have clear differences both in terms of their musical style and their audience. Leehom is an American-born singer. His musical style is known for fusing Chinese elements such as Beijing opera with hip-hop and R&B. On the other hand, Teresa Teng was known for her folk songs and romantic ballads. Many became standards in her lifetime, such as "The Moon Represents My Heart". In terms of audience, leehom has become an idol for the younger generation in China who love pop music while Teresa Teng, although she passed away nearly 20 years ago, still enjoyed great popularity, but mainly among older people born in the 50s or 60s.
When you take a trip, do you prefer to just look around, or do you prefer to take pictures and keep a journal?
I prefer to take pictures and keep a journal when I’m traveling. Often, I’m having such fun and everything happens so fast, it kind of becomes a blur. I would hate to forget the funny old bookstore I spontaneously visited for five minutes, or the gorgeous flower display I walked past on the sidewalk. Taking photos helps me keep the events organized and the memories clear. What also helps is keeping a travel journal. At the end of each day of my trip, I like to jot down quick notes about the moments of my day. That way, I remember each restaurant I ate at and park I visited. I just like knowing the specific order that everything happened. It makes the events read like a story. Years later, the fun details of my trip will still be crystal clear.
I prefer to take pictures and keep a journal when I’m traveling. Often, I’m having such fun and everything happens so fast, it kind of becomes a blur. I would hate to forget the funny old bookstore I spontaneously visited for five minutes, or the gorgeous flower display I walked past on the sidewalk. Taking photos helps me keep the events organized and the memories clear. What also helps is keeping a travel journal. At the end of each day of my trip, I like to jot down quick notes about the moments of my day. That way, I remember each restaurant I ate at and park I visited. I just like knowing the specific order that everything happened. It makes the events read like a story. Years later, the fun details of my trip will still be crystal clear.
Do you prefer to have fast food in a fast-food restaurant, or do you prefer to have food in other kinds of places?
I don’t like to eat in a fast-food restaurant. Health is my first concern. Fast food is known to have poor nutritional value because it is high in calories, fats, sugars and other unhealthy ingredients. My next concern is with the dining environment of a fast-food restaurant, which is often overcrowded and noisy, and there appear to be lines everywhere. So I would avoid going to a fast-food restaurant. Instead, I would go to a small but cozy restaurant or café, where I can sit comfortably in a chair, enjoy reading the latest menus, and maybe listen to some nice music while having a lovely afternoon tea.
I don’t like to eat in a fast-food restaurant. Health is my first concern. Fast food is known to have poor nutritional value because it is high in calories, fats, sugars and other unhealthy ingredients. My next concern is with the dining environment of a fast-food restaurant, which is often overcrowded and noisy, and there appear to be lines everywhere. So I would avoid going to a fast-food restaurant. Instead, I would go to a small but cozy restaurant or café, where I can sit comfortably in a chair, enjoy reading the latest menus, and maybe listen to some nice music while having a lovely afternoon tea.
【學校通知】學校要求必須上三門藝術類課程，目的是讓學生今後畢業了更有競爭力，並且可以幫助學生在緊張的學業中得到放鬆。【學生對話】男學生抱怨。1，學生失去了更多自由選課機會，不能選更多和專業相關的課（他學banking, 要上finance 的課）2，不是每個人都對藝術有天分喜歡上這些課（他根本不enjoy雕塑，浪費，stressful）
The university has decided that all students should take three fine arts courses. It is hoped that by taking these courses students will be more competitive when they enter the work place, and that it is a good way to help students relax. However, in the conversation, the boy complains that this is not a good policy. He says that taking mandatory fine arts courses means that students will have less time taking their major-related courses which are of course more important. Furthermore, he says the majority of the students do not have a talent or an interest in art. So for them, this policy means a waste of time and even more stressful college life.
【公開信】學生寫信給學校，提議應該允許學生在圖書館喝飲料。理由1，學生需要咖啡或茶來提神。理由2，學生都是成年人了，會很小心，不會弄髒圖書館和學校的書的。【學生對話】女生反對，理由1，圖書館的不遠處就有咖啡店，可以去那裡喝完後再回圖書館，而且學習中間休息一下也很好。理由2，就算再怎麼小心，飲料還是有可能灑到書上，長此以往，學校就得換書和其他設備了。
The student letter suggests that the school should allow students to drink beverages in the library. It reasons that students need coffee or tea to refresh their mind while reading in the library, and that they will do so carefully in order not to spill any drink. However, in the conversation, the girl expresses strong disagreement. She argues that first, there is a café not far away from the library. Taking a few minutes off from studying in the library and having a little walk is a good way to relax. Also, accidents do happen sometimes no matter how careful you are with the beverage, so in the long run, there will be stains on the book or damage to the computer, which is costly to replace or repair.
【名詞解釋】self-serving bias，人們喜歡把success歸功於自己，failure怪其他人或事。【講座舉例】聽力材料裡有一個例子：
一組人參加智力測驗，對他們一半說考得很好，對另一半說考得不好。前者把高分歸功於自己的智力水準高。後者就怪罪其他東西影響了他們。
一組人參加智力測驗，對他們一半說考得很好，對另一半說考得不好。前者把高分歸功於自己的智力水準高。後者就怪罪其他東西影響了他們。
Self-serving bias refers to the tendency for people to attribute their success to internal factors while blaming external factors for their failures. The professor then gives an example to illustrate this term. A group of people were given an intelligence test. When the test result was released, half the test subjects were told that they did well, while the other half were told that they did poorly. Then, all subjects were asked what factors had contributed to their success or failure on the test. Not surprisingly, those who did well said that it was due to their intelligence, while those who did poorly said that they were unfavorably influenced by other factors.
【名詞解釋】information overload 【教授舉例】教授舉了兩個例子，第一個是公司招聘員工，開始沒想到會來很多人，但是招聘第一天就收到了很多應聘者的application，所以公司不會全部看，只會挑出resume的一部分來看;另一個是有一個化學家，期刊原來每週給他發一些推薦的文章（email），後來變成一天發一次推薦的文章，文章多了，教授就不看，還是按原來一樣，一周看一次。
Information overload occurs when the amount of information exceeds people’s capacity to process it. When faced with information overload, people may process part of the information or choose to ignore all of it. The professor gives the example of a company which is recruiting new employees. On the first day, the company received too many applications, so it decided to only look at the most important part of the application document – the applicant’s resume which showed work experience. Another example is a chemist who used to read the newsletters he received once every week. But later the newsletters were sent daily. The chemist did not have time to read them every day, so he still read them once every week, ignoring the other days’ newsletters.
【學生困難】：女學生因為學習和晚上part-time job，沒時間去gym鍛煉身體。【解決方案】： 1，一種方法早上騎車上學，缺點是路上花時間更長，而且很熱。2，另一種方法是早上去健身房，健身完了可以洗澡，但是要起的很早才不會耽誤課。
The girl is very busy with her studies and she also has a part-time job in the evening, so she does not have time for exercise in the gym. She could either ride her bike to the school as a form of exercise, or she could go to the gym early in the morning and then go to her class. I would recommend the girl ride her bike. I think cycling is the most healthy yet the least costly form of exercise, which helps weight loss, burns calories and improves fitness. Going to the gym is of course a good option, but to do so very early in the morning may not be so realistic, as students often stay up late into the night and it would kill them to have to get up at so early in the morning.
【學生困難】男生打籃球扭傷了腳，要去醫院，但明天有考試。
【解決方案】
(1) 女生建議他今天就去看醫生，但男生擔心有可能要排很久的隊，不想錯過review lesson;(2) 明天把所有事都忙完了再去，但這樣腳傷可能會加重。
【解決方案】
(1) 女生建議他今天就去看醫生，但男生擔心有可能要排很久的隊，不想錯過review lesson;(2) 明天把所有事都忙完了再去，但這樣腳傷可能會加重。
The boy’s feet got hurt when he was playing basketball so he plans to go to the hospital tomorrow, but he has an exam on the same day. In the conversation, the girl suggests that the boy could go to the hospital today, or he could go to the hospital after he has finished his exam tomorrow. I think that the boy should see a doctor as soon as possible because even the slightest illness could turn into something serious if not treated immediately. When it comes to treating illness, hours or even minutes count! Also, if the boy missed the review session, he could make it up by borrowing notes from his friends, and doing some crash reading the night before the test.
【講座要點】：講樹木在森林火災中如何保護自己的。一個方法是（例子是一個什麼fir），粗的樹皮，保證內在溫度低，使得水分和營養物質不受影響，第二個方法是（例子是一個什麼pine），樹的下半部分沒有什麼枝枝丫丫，所以大火從地上燒過來的時候，就不會順著枝枝丫丫燒上去了。
The lecture talks about two adaptations developed by trees to protect themselves from a forest fire. The first adaptation is the ability to cool down its inner part. For example, the birch tree has a thick bark, which acts like a shield against the fire and an insulation to the inside of the tree. So when a fire causes the surrounding temperature to rise, the water and nutritional contents inside the tree are not lost. The second adaptation is removing parts that might easily catch fire. For example, the pine tree frequently shakes off its small branches to keep the fire from climbing on to the main branch.
【講座主題】Arctic區域動物抵禦寒冷的兩種方法【2種方式】(1) basking: 舉例butterfly, 面對太陽，展開翅膀，用翅膀吸收太陽的熱量;(2) freezing: 舉例fly, 讓體內的水分凍結來tolerate寒冷，體內的chemical可以防止凍傷，溫度升高後再thaw and resume to be active as normal。
The lecture explains two mechanisms which arctic animals rely on to cope with extremely cold conditions. The first mechanism is basking. For example, butterflies that live in arctic regions gain most of their body heat by basking, exposing their wings to absorb sufficient amount of heat from the sun. The second method is by freezing. For example, the arctic fly can tolerate subfreezing temperatures by freezing its inner body fluids. It also has a chemical inside its body to make sure that the freezing does not do any fatal damage. When the outside temperature rises to normal, the frozen fluids thaw and the fly resumes its active life.
寫作
閱讀：某個地方的洞穴Erdstall可能有三種用途
【1】儲存牲口或糧食
【2】當shelter，躲避強盜attack
【3】宗教用途。靈魂等候區
（為死去的人提供場所，讓他們等待超生）
聽力裡駁斥：
【1】洞會漏雨水，儲存食物不方便。在冬天Erdstall都被淹沒了，而且也沒發現裡面有穀類殘留
【2】Erdstall太小了，只能勉強裝下一家人。而且存氧氣很少，只夠一個人的量。另外，只有一個入口，不太可能像為了逃跑設計的。
【3】宗教用途. 如果是的話，應該所有有共同宗教信仰的村子都有，但是有的村子有，有的村子沒有。
【1】儲存牲口或糧食
【2】當shelter，躲避強盜attack
【3】宗教用途。靈魂等候區
（為死去的人提供場所，讓他們等待超生）
聽力裡駁斥：
【1】洞會漏雨水，儲存食物不方便。在冬天Erdstall都被淹沒了，而且也沒發現裡面有穀類殘留
【2】Erdstall太小了，只能勉強裝下一家人。而且存氧氣很少，只夠一個人的量。另外，只有一個入口，不太可能像為了逃跑設計的。
【3】宗教用途. 如果是的話，應該所有有共同宗教信仰的村子都有，但是有的村子有，有的村子沒有。
閱讀文章：在Rhone river 的河底，考古學家發現了一個bust（就是一種頭部雕塑），人們認為這個bust是Julius Caesar的。有幾個理由：
【1】style of the sculpture: 頭像的藝術風格正好是Caesar的那個年代的，叫“realist style”
【2】resemblance to Caesar’s other portraits : Caesar年代的silver coin上有他的頭像，和考古發現的這個bust非常相似，特別是頭髮
【1】style of the sculpture: 頭像的藝術風格正好是Caesar的那個年代的，叫“realist style”
【2】resemblance to Caesar’s other portraits : Caesar年代的silver coin上有他的頭像，和考古發現的這個bust非常相似，特別是頭髮
【3】location of the bust found: Caser後來被推翻，所以民眾不敢在新的國王統治下還保留Caesar的頭像，所以就扔河裡了，很說得通。
閱讀部分：
Stone為什麼能夠被搬到很遠的地方
【1】風吹的
【2】ice把stone包裹起來，滑下去的時候帶動stone移動
【3】人為move
聽力反駁：
【1】石頭有移動的痕跡，說明阻力很大，由於石頭很重，不可能有這麼大的風能吹動。
【2】那個地方不會有那麼大的冰層，temperature不夠低，水不夠充足
【3】因為是泥地，如果有人存在，會有痕跡，但是沒有痕跡。並沒有人或馬的腳印留下來。
Stone為什麼能夠被搬到很遠的地方
【1】風吹的
【2】ice把stone包裹起來，滑下去的時候帶動stone移動
【3】人為move
聽力反駁：
【1】石頭有移動的痕跡，說明阻力很大，由於石頭很重，不可能有這麼大的風能吹動。
【2】那個地方不會有那麼大的冰層，temperature不夠低，水不夠充足
【3】因為是泥地，如果有人存在，會有痕跡，但是沒有痕跡。並沒有人或馬的腳印留下來。
閱讀部分：
講congestion pricing。說為了緩解交通擁堵，想要在city中的某個區域收費，這樣就能緩解一下。
【1】. 這樣做可以improve time(主要就是說節省時間)
【2】. 可以改善環境improve that area's environment
【3】. 收的fee可以用於revenue。the city 可以再修路，修橋什麼的
聽力反駁：
【1.】這樣做有些司機不願意花錢走這個區域就得繞路，更浪費時間。舉了個例子：送快遞的，他們要省錢，所以送快遞的時候會變長。
【2.】在收費區裡面環境可能會好點，但是周圍的車相對就會增多，noise and air pollution就會多。所以不是整個city都能環境變好
【3.】有的人不能afford這個費用了，就會去坐subway，政府就得出更多的錢維護subway，這樣一來收的那點錢可能還不夠維護的，所以也不能起到幫助修橋，修路什麼的作用了。
講congestion pricing。說為了緩解交通擁堵，想要在city中的某個區域收費，這樣就能緩解一下。
【1】. 這樣做可以improve time(主要就是說節省時間)
【2】. 可以改善環境improve that area's environment
【3】. 收的fee可以用於revenue。the city 可以再修路，修橋什麼的
聽力反駁：
【1.】這樣做有些司機不願意花錢走這個區域就得繞路，更浪費時間。舉了個例子：送快遞的，他們要省錢，所以送快遞的時候會變長。
【2.】在收費區裡面環境可能會好點，但是周圍的車相對就會增多，noise and air pollution就會多。所以不是整個city都能環境變好
【3.】有的人不能afford這個費用了，就會去坐subway，政府就得出更多的錢維護subway，這樣一來收的那點錢可能還不夠維護的，所以也不能起到幫助修橋，修路什麼的作用了。
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to attract good students, a university should spend a lot of money funding social activities.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students could receive a better, more efficient education if they spend 11 months a year studying.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to truly relax and reduce stress is to spend time alone.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In the modern world, we should never be impolite to another person.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The food we eat today is much healthier than in the past.
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