7/12 托福考試 預測考題 ETS 錄音員 真人高分示範擬答

使用方法:
因為看Daniel老師部落格的人很多，所以一二題答案請參考用字內容與組織架構 ，建議不要一字不漏完全背誦
要稍微更改一下喔 　
加油 !!  按下read more 看更多考題

獨立口說

What are the advantages and disadvantages of allowing students to eat in class? Use specific details and examples to support your opinion.

To be honest, I can only think of one advantage, which is students won’t be starved in class. So for those who get up late in the morning and don’t have time to eat their breakfast at home, being allowed to eat in class means a rescue. But the disadvantages far outweigh the advantages. When students eat in class, there are smells in the room, and there are chewing noises. So it’s impossible for other students to focus because it destroys the learning atmosphere. Many times teachers have to wait until the students finishes their meal, which is certainly not fair to the time-conscious students. I had a situation like this with a girl who ate stuff in class. I’m sure she’s a nice girl personally, but we were all irritated because most of us were hungry, and two, it was a tough class, and three, the noise was distracting.

University students often feel home sick when they are away from home. What do you often do to deal with home sickness?

I think the key to beating homesickness is keeping a positive attitude. More specifically, find an activity to do when you miss your family. Painting is a good choice. You can always send your creation back home so a part of you will be with them. This also keeps you from focusing on home too much. More importantly, make sure you have a friend. You will be homesick much more often if you’re lonely. Having a friend provides a distraction from feeling bad, and it also gives you someone to talk to about it who can comfort you and make you feel better. If the above two solutions don’t work. Try thinking this way: you are indeed lucky to have a place or people that are worth missing. Wouldn’t it be worse if you didn’t miss them at all?

Describe your favorite subject at school. Explain why this subject is your favorite.

My favorite subject at school has always been history. I enjoy history because by learning about people and events in the past, I begin to realize how the world and its people came to be as they are today. For example, to understand why even as a Chinese citizen I cannot go to Hong Kong as freely as I wish, I’d have to know certain historical periods and events. Another reason I enjoy studying history is because I was fortunate to have a number of excellent history instructors throughout my high school years. They never forced me to memorize stuff. Instead, they told us exciting stories and introduced us to the greatest minds in human history. They made George Washington or Napoleon vivid persons rather than just historical names.

What type of music do you enjoy most? Explain why you enjoy this type of music. Include reasons and details in you explanation.

I enjoy classic rock and roll from the 1960s and 1970s. My favorite bands are The Beatles and The Rolling Stones, but there are dozens of others that I love as well. Not only are the songs from that era extremely catchy and fun, but they kind of transport you to a different time when you listen to them. You feel the rebelliousness in the guitar solos and the yells of the lead singers. You feel the sheer energy of the era, which was spurred on by social events both good and bad. It was just a wild time back then! And listening to the rock music makes everything seem so immediate. No picture of the 1960s and 1970s is complete without the music. I never get tired of it.  

Your university is planning to replace paper books and magazines in its library with electronic books. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this plan?

One of the advantages is that it can save a lot of space. Thousands of books could be stored in a single compact electronic device the size of a palm. Another advantage is that it can save a lot of trees from being cut down to make paper for books. However, there are also some disadvantages too. For example, those electronic devices are run by batteries. so it might a bit inconveniet to recharge them all the time. Another disadvantage is that some of the electronic devices are quite expensive so not everyone could afford to buy one.

Some people like to collect old things such as newspapers. Others throw things away after they have used them. Which do you prefer and why?


Because I am a nostalgic type, I prefer keeping old things to just throwing them away as rubbish. Many old things are filled with sweet memories which can remind people of their past. Thanks to my mom, I still have many toys I played with when I was a little girl. Secondly, old items may have great value for collection. Take newspapers for example. The one with Chairman Mao’s opening speech on the Founding Ceremony for China in 1949 surely will be a good bargain in an antique market. Moreover, from an environmental point of view, recycling used items such as newspapers and magazines is a good start towards reducing carbon emission. Finally, when it comes to old clothes, it’s interesting to note that fashion always resurfaces after a few years. Old clothes may become vogue again so it makes sense to keep them instead of throwing them away.

Do you prefer to take courses related to a specific career, or do you prefer to take a variety of courses?

Given the choice, I would prefer to study a variety of courses even if they are not related to a specific career. As a university student, I really don’t know what kind of career I will enter into when I graduate. The courses we are learning, and the types of job that we do may not and do not have to be closely related. It’s not surprising nowadays to see an engineering student doing sales and marketing in a consumer goods company. Moreover, just like the old saying goes, variety is the spice of life. By taking a variety of courses my life would be more varied and my curiosity will be greatly satisfied. I think it will also make me a well-rounded person and give me the ability to converse on many different topics.

Some people prefer outdoor activities such as basketball. Others prefer indoor activities such as yoga. Which would you prefer and why?


Some people prefer indoor activities because they think it’s less physically demanding. However, I think outdoor activities like playing basketball with my friends in an open basketball court are much better. First, outdoor activities are often more strenuous and so they can exercise your body more. If you stay indoors to do yoga, it probably consumes less energy than playing football or badminton. Secondly, many outdoor activities are team sports, in which a team of players work together for the same goal, i.e. to win the game. So you are more likely to make new friends and develop interpersonal skills better. Finally, you can have more chances to get close to nature, which means sunshine, fresh air and more space. This is something indoor activities can never provide.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It's easier to teach children in primary schools than students in universities. Include reasons and details in your explanation.

I don’t agree with this opinion. I think  it is more difficult to teach children in primary schools mainly because the discipline is harder to maintain. There may be many distractions for children that will keep them from learning, and they have a much shorter attention span. On the other hand, students in universities are better at self-motivation and discipline. They are also more aware of the importance of utilizing their time productively. There is a sense of urgency because it is all about their future. There are, of course, many distractions for university students as well, but as adults they are expected to know how to handle them.

Should the government spend money on projects which can encourage its citizens to lead a healthier lifestyle?

I agree because the costs of caring for unhealthy individuals are ultimately passed on to citizens. With each claim, the costs of health insurance, doctor’s visits, medicines, surgeries, and long-term care increases. So, if more individuals have an incentive to do preventive health care, less will be spent on avoidable medical care costs. An additional benefit is that preventative healthcare and healthier lifestyles might save lives. For instance, early detection of certain cancers can significantly reduce the risks of losing life or limb. Government funding to encourage healthier lifestyles is worthwhile.

綜合口說


【學校通知】學校要建一個student lounge，以幫助坐公交往返的同學(commuter students)。很多學生commute from home to campus by bus or by train。這些學生沒有時間go home between classes. 有了student lounge 好處1. 學生在課間可以休息下，還有LOCKER可以放書，不用把書搬來搬去。好處2. 順便還可以張貼一些重要資訊，比如train schedule。【學生意見】a. 沒必要，大家就得deal with this problem。宿舍也很遠，住宿舍的人也會有這種問題，可人家也都每天拿書跑來跑去的。如果給commuter students建student lounge，那不就不公平了。（Why should they get special treatment? 原話）。再說了，library裡也有locker的，真的需要可以到那裡去放書。b. 有其他方法查詢這些資訊，比如到網站上去查，或者直接打電話給train station。

The university is planning to build a student lounge to help those students who are unable to go home between classes so that they can have a rest there and put their books in the lockers installed. What’s more it would serve as a good place to post some important information for students, such as train schedules. The woman/man in the conversation thinks it’s a bad idea. First of all, he/she thinks that it would be unfair to give special treatment to students who live far away because the student dormitory is also very far but students living there are given no help. In addition, the lockers in the library could be used to deposit their books instead of building new ones. Her second objection is that students can easily access information through other means such as the internet or they could simply call the train station directly.

【學校通知】有學生組織了一個樂隊，他們想利用中午的時間在學校的草坪上(a large opening area)上做免費演出。【學生意見】反對。第一：中午並不是一個好的時間，學生時間其實很緊，他們在這個時候可能也會學習，或者reading。 第二：產生noise，吵到別人。第三：lawn也不是個好地方，學生有可能是些in-door type，而且坐在草坪上會壓壞grass。所以，建議在晚上，這個時候學生多是relax的時候，並且選擇一個in door 的地方。

The school jazz band is planning to offer free concerts in the afternoon using a large open area on the school lawn. However, in the conversation, the girl disagrees with this plan. First, she says that having a jazz concert in the afternoon is going to create a lot of noise and disturb students who are studying or reading nearby. Second, she is concerned that the school lawn may be damaged if too many students come to the concert. So in the girl’s opinion, holding the concerts in the evening, and in an indoor place might be a better option.

【學校通知】一個寫作項目要在入學考試中增加面試，增加discussion (學生和老師間的，學生和學生間的)。【學生意見】女生認為這樣不對，首先這畢竟是寫作專案，writing是最核心的，而且一個好的talker不一定是好的writer,學校這樣做可能會exclude那些寫作好，但是shy的人．其次，面試時間那麼短，幾句話看不出來一個人的合作能力怎麼樣，何況合作能力可以overtime慢慢培養．她舉例說自己就和別人合作不是很好，但加入寫作組後，大家處的時間長了，竟然也有了。

The school has made a new requirement for the essay writing class. Students are required to have an interview discussion with the teachers and their fellow students before they enroll in the class. In the conversation, however, the girl does not like this new requirement. She says that the essence of an essay writing class is writing not talking. A good talker is not necessarily a good writer, as the girl puts it. So this interview may exclude those who are good at writing but who may be shy and not so good at talking. Second, to use such a short interview to observe students’ cooperative skills is not realistic in her opinion. After all, cooperative skills can be developed overtime, after students have joined the class.

【學校通知】學校因為文學課太popular了，所以學校決定開晚課和增加一個班級人的數量。【學生意見】男的學生不同意，他說班上人一多，discussion的機會就少了，學生就學不到很多東西，還有就是晚課時間，學生都沒有空，他們有很多activity和job都在晚上，所以晚課不現實。

The university announced that it’s going to make new class arrangements to meet the growing demand for the contemporary literature course.  An additional evening session of the course will be provided and class size will be enlarged. In the conversation, the boy disagrees with this new arrangement. He says that the more students in a class, the less chance for each student to engage in class discussions. Therefore the quality of the learning experience will be greatly reduced. Moreover, he argues that most students are not free in the evening. They have different kinds of social activities to do at night and many have an evening job so they will not be able to attend the evening class.

【公開信】學校在考試複習期間舉辦什麼娛樂活動，期間取消校內公車，有人感到不滿給校長寫信，原因一是噪音影響在宿舍複習的人，原因二是取消校內公車對要乘車的人很不方便。【學生意見】對話中女生認為這兩個理由都沒有說服力。首先要看書的人可以去圖書館看，不一定非要在宿舍，圖書館 很安靜。其次學校很小，去哪裡都可以步行，不行橫穿學校只要30分鐘，況且公車只取消幾個小時而已，no big deal 然後題目是女生的觀點理由是什麼。

The student letter complains about the school’s upcoming entertainment event. It argues that students who are studying for their final exams will be disturbed by the noise,   and the suspension of bus service during this event will also cause inconvenience to the students. In the conversation, however, the girl does not share the same view. She says that for those who want a quiet environment to study, they can do so at the school library. Furthermore, the school campus is not that big. You can walk across the campus in less than 30 minutes. Plus the bus service is only suspended for 30 minutes. It’s not a big deal.

【名詞解釋】planning fallacy. （“planning fallacy”講的是人很難預測到潛在的問題 ） Fail to consider all the possible factors that affect the project and lead to the inaccuracy in estimate the time that cost to complete then lead to bad consequences.【講座例子】教授在大學時是好學生，有一天他的教授佈置了10pages 的paper，他認為他很快可以寫完，所以提前一天開始寫，到了圖書館，借了書，回去發現材料不夠，再去圖書館時，已經關門了，所以只能遲交作文，最後得了很低的分，雖然他教師覺得他的內容很好。

The reading passage discusses a term called “planning fallacy”, which refers to the tendency for people to underestimate how long they will need to complete a task. People commit planning fallacies because they often fail to consider all the possible factors that can affect the completion of a project, and this fallacy can sometimes lead to bad consequences. The professor uses himself as an example to illustrate this term. Back in the days when he was a student, one day he was given an assignment to write a 10-page paper. He thought the topic was easy and presumed he could finish the paper very quickly, so he started working on it only one day before its due date. He went to the library and borrowed some reference books, but they did not give him enough information so he had to return to the library, only to find that it was closed. In the end, he had to hand in the paper late and received a very low score. This is a typical example of planning fallacy.

【名詞解釋】anticipated emotion。人們採取行動之前會對自己做了這個事情之後會有一個怎樣的心情有一個估測，然後根據這個估測決定自己是不是要做那件事。【教授舉例】lecture裡，教授舉例子說有一次去給妹妹買生日禮物，發現一件很想買的jacket，但是買了jacket之後就只能給妹妹買很便宜的小禮物，於是他就想如果真的買了jacket的話他肯定會很愧疚，所以最後決定還是不買了。

The reading passage introduces a term called anticipated emotion. It means that before making a choice, people often anticipate the emotions they might experience as a result of that choice, and this will affect their final decision. The lecturer then uses himself as an example. One day he went to purchase a birthday gift for his sister, but he saw this very nice jacket. He wanted to buy the jacket very much, but he knew that if he spent the money on this jacket, he would have little money left for his sister’s birthday gift. Anticipating that he would feel really guilty by not brining a nice gift to his sister, the lecturer finally decided not to purchase the jacket.

【名詞解釋】token reward 可以有效地刺激學生學習。 【教授舉例】聽力講座裡，教授說了這種方法很有效，回顧自己經驗，給了兩個例子：1，如果要學生聽話，可以給多時間玩，結果不太有效；2，接著教授給學生wood coin，學生可以攢著，到最後可以優先使用電腦等等，這樣促進了學生學習。

The reading passage introduces a term called token reward, which is an effective discipline tool in the classroom to reward students with desirable behaviors. The professor gives the example of a class he once taught, which had a few unruly and noisy kids. In order to reinforce the behavior he desired from the students, he rewarded the other quiet kids with 15 minutes extra time to play on the playground. However, some of the kids just didn’t care about going out to play. They just liked to draw in the classroom. So the professor devised another reward system in which he rewarded good kids with wooden coins. The kids could earn enough coins to exchange for the activities they prefer to do, like using the computer. This way, all the kids in the class were motivated and their behaviors were improved.

【名詞解釋】exposure behavior，是說鼓勵兒童反復做他們害怕的事，然後建立自信，最終克服恐懼。【教授舉例】聽力中教授用它自己兒子Tommy的例子，說他們家搬到LA,Tommy原來不敢和新小朋友玩，只敢趴窗上看，後來教授借買冰淇淩之機鼓勵他向小朋友們問好，回來又問一次（兩次間兒子表現已有所不同），回來後兒子甚至主動要求出去和他們一起騎車，最終，Tommy和其他小朋友過上了幸福的日子。

“Behavior exposure” is a technique often used to help children overcome fear and rebuild confidence by exposing children to the people or objects that they are afraid of. The professor further illustrates this term by using his own son Tommy as an example. Tommy was afraid of playing with other kids when his family had just moved to a new town in LA. To help Tommy overcome this fear, the professor asked him to buy an ice cream but wanted him to say hi to the kids on his way to the ice cream store. Tommy did so, and he also said hello to the kids on his way back. After this experience, Tommy was not afraid of kids in the new neighborhood any more, and he even asked to play with them.

【名詞解釋】Aggressive recruiting即商家在推廣期間給與顧客一些實惠，積累顧客，推廣期過後開始收費增加收入。【講座例子】lecture舉了一個gym的例子在說明 這種策略的有效性。具體是，gym在推廣期讓消費者免費獲得健身指導，一個月以後取消免費政策，結果大部分人都繼續使用該服務，於是增加 了gym的customer basis，是有效的。

Aggressive recruiting is a technique used by businesses to attract new customers. The lecture gives the example of a gym which wanted to recruit new members.   In the first month, the gym offered free personal training service to its potential customers, like how to use the equipment at the gym or explaining the best way to exercise and figuring out individual training programs for each client. However, after one month, the gym cancelled the free promotion and started charging customers if they still needed the service. It turned out that most customers were willing to pay to continue their training at the gym. This proved to be an effective strategy to expand the gym’s customer base.

【學生困難】男子的問題, summer job, 租了個房子, 但kitchen unavailable，【解決方案】2 solutions: 1. friend 有kitchen，一起用, 但是會inconvenient.2. 在 school cafeteria 買個 plan ，很便宜，但距離遠。

The man has found a summer job and has rented an apartment near that job. But there is not a kitchen available in his apartment so cooking has become a problem for him. To solve this problem he could either use a friend’s kitchen, or he could buy a meal plan from the school cafeteria. I would suggest that the boy share the kitchen with his friend. I think that cooking your own food is definitely cheaper than eating in the school cafeteria. Even with a meal plan from the school cafeteria, you’ll have to pay a lot of money if you are going to eat there three times a day. More importantly, I think it’s much healthier to cook your own food, since the school cafeteria seldom provides nutritional food.

【學生困難】the man can't find his camera before his trip to Spain. 男生在spring break要去西班牙玩，準備拍照，但是數碼相機丟了。【解決方案】he can either buy a new one, or borrow one from his friend Jake. 女生讓他買，但是他說沒有enough money，他自己說他朋友（貌似說了具體的名字）可以借給他，但是他不想用，女生說：對，萬一broken 或者 stolen就不好了。

The man is planning to take a trip to Spain during the coming spring break. He loves taking photos so he wants to bring his camera with him, but the problem is that he seems to have lost the camera. He and the girl discussed two possible solutions – to buy a new one, or to borrow one from his friend Jake. I would prefer the boy to borrow one rather than purchasing a new one. The reasons are quite simple. First, a new camera is expensive and the boy is short of money so he would probably have to save money for the camera by, for example, staying in cheaper hotels or reducing the length of his stay in Spain, which would make this trip less enjoyable. And secondly, it’s possible that the camera was not “lost” but left somewhere. The boy may be able to remember where it was left or someone may return this camera to the boy in a few days.

【學生困難】女生說父母來參加他的畢業典禮，遇到了麻煩：他們從比較遠的地方來需要找地方住下，但學校附近的hotel都book滿了。【解決方案】solution1：去她的公寓住，但她的公寓非常小，需要rearrange，她要睡沙發了。Solution2：去遠一點的hotel住，但缺點是離學校開車20分鐘，需要租車，成本比較高。 

The girl’s parents are coming to her school to attend her graduation ceremony, but she can’t find a place for them to live because all the hotels around the school are fully booked. So she could either ask her parent to live with her in the school apartment, or she could book a hotel for her parents that is about 20 minutes away from the school by car. I would recommend that the girl and her parents stay together in the girl’s apartment. Although her apartment is small, she can quickly rearrange it to make room for her mom and dad, just for one or two nights. On the other hand, if her parents live in the hotel that is quite a long way from the school, they would probably have to rent a car and the cost would be too high.

【學生困難】一女子上陶藝課，結果作業在deadline兩天前被她摔成3瓣了。【解決方案】她覺得（1）粘起來，但怕老師發現，因為她不想得普通的分數（也可能是ask for an extension, pardon moi）（2）重做。但是她怕來不及，而且別的課要期末考試。

The girl is taking a pottery course, and was doing a pottery making assignment. But she accidently broke the pottery into 3 pieces.   She could either glue the pottery back together, or start all over again by making a new one. I would recommend the girl start all over again, because she has already done it once so it won’t be too difficult to make a new one in a short time. On the other hand, if she glues it back, no matter how careful she is, there will always be cracks that can be noticed by the professor, and as a result she may get a very low score. She could look at her first assignment as learning experience and finish a much superior project with her second try.

【學生困難】女生要在校報發表一篇paper，但文章寫得too long to publish。【解決方案】男編輯給她兩個方案：方案1：cut off the paper, and make it shorter就能立即發表了。但女生覺得每個部分都很重要，不願意cut，要弄短就只能Summarize了。方案2：到暑期版summer issue上再發表。女生不太願意，因為暑假大家都放假了，教授和朋友們都不太可能看到。

The girl wants to publish a paper in the school newspaper, but the editor feels that the paper is too long, so he suggests that the girl either cut it short or publish it later in the summer issue. I would recommend the girl to take the first option. If she can summarize the paper into a shorter version, she can have it published soon for everyone to see; however, if she waits until summer, most students and professors would be away from school so they won’t be able to see and appreciate the girl’s work. Furthermore, I don’t think the girl needs to worry too much about her paper being cut short. She can carefully make the revisions herself so that the most valuable or interesting part of the paper is unchanged.

【講座主題】Animals that hatch from eggs 會在蛋殼裡的時候就會製造出一些聲音來communicate that they are ready to hatch. 【相關例子】第一個目的：當有很多eggs的時候，it is very important that這些eggs在同一個時間被hatch出來，而不會出現hatch晚的baby被媽媽遺棄了。比如ducks，一個duck要hatch了，就會發出clicking noise，其他的ducks也會發出同樣聲音，告訴媽媽我們都要出來了，別把我們忘了的意思。第二個目的是讓媽媽説明自己成功地破殼出來。比如crocodile，他的eggs是埋在mud裡的，baby crocodile要破殼出來的時候，就會scratch the inside of the shell告訴媽媽，然後鱷魚媽媽就會把mud remove 掉，否則baby crocodile出不來。

The lecture talks about a phenomenon in which animals that hatch from eggs would make some sound in order to communicate that they are ready to hatch. They do this for two purposes. First of all, when there are a lot of eggs, it is important for them to hatch at the same time. Otherwise they are likely to be abandoned by their mother. For example, when a duck is about to hatch, they would make a clicking noise, so would the other ducks in order to tell their mother not to forget them. The second purpose of the sound is to get their mother to help them get out of the shell successfully. For example, crocodile eggs are buried in mud. When the baby crocodile is about to break through their eggs, they would scratch the inside of the shell to tell their mother, who would remove the mud. Otherwise, the baby crocodile would not be able to get out.

【講座主題】昆蟲怎樣給後代儲備食物。potter wasp會先把巢建好，然後搜集一堆食物放在裡面，然後再產卵。蝴蝶會找一個離食物源很近的地方產卵。 

The lecture talks about how adult insects would ensure that their new offspring can have enough food to survive. The first method is to store a large amount of food in the nest, so when baby insects are born, they can have all the food they need. For example, after constructing the nest, the potter wasp would place a variety of food in it to feed its young. The second method is to build the nest close to a source of food. For example, the butterfly would fly around searching for food. Once it has located a place with a reliable food source, it would build its nest close to this source. When young butterflies are born, they can fly and get food on their own easily.

【講座主題】講鳥類遷徙之前都會做一定的調整和改變。【相關例子】分兩方面：1，body change：長途飛行需要大量能量，為了減少停下來的次數，會提前儲存能量，吃多點存脂肪。2，習慣的改變：為了應對路上碰到的敵人，一些獨來獨往的鳥會開始social，結成group一起飛，比較安全。

The lecture talks about how birds make self-adjustment to prepare for migration. First, some birds may experience physical change.  For example, to prepare for long distance flight, migrating birds have to store sufficient amount of energy to sustain their flight and to reduce the times they have to stop over for rest. So they would eat a lot more than they usually do to reserve energy in the form of body fat. The second change is behavioral change. During migration journeys, some birds that usually live on their own begin to act more socially. They form into a group with other birds so they can better protect themselves as a whole from predators.

【講課要點】不能自身移動的海底sea bottom動物dwellers（居民）獲得食物的方法，有兩種：第一種：active method。舉例：海葵sea anemone偽裝成植物，寄生在其他動物身上，釋放毒液，使遊到附近的動物paralyzed，然後抓住它們。第二種：passive method。舉例：牡蠣Oyster不動，坐等海水流把微生物tiny material送到嘴邊。

The lecture explains how immobile marine creatures living on the bottom of the sea capture their food. The first method is active method. For example, the sea anemone looks like a plant which clings itself to other moving sea animals. However, it has tentacles which can release poison to paralyze the prey nearby and then grasp it. The second method is passive method. For example, the oyster does not move on itself, but its shells are slightly open so it can draw in sea water and extract the tiny nutritional food particles that are suspended in the water.

【講座要點】：講猴子在樹上，但是在那裡，水只能在地底下得到。那麼猴子是怎麼得到水支撐生活的。第一個是absorb moisture from food，講了一個hobe的猴子，它們吃的嫩葉子裡面包含了水分，所以它們不用吃水也沒有問題。第二個是喝雨水，一個called spider猴子的，它們用cup like plant來Link在樹上，當有水的時候就用那個cup like plant來接水喝。

The lecture talks about how monkeys obtain and drink water. Two different methods are discussed. The first method is for monkeys to eat food that contains enough moisture.  For example, the monkey likes to eat the tender leaves of trees that contain large quantities of moisture, so even if they do not drink water directly, these leaves would provide much of the monkeys’ water requirements. Another method is to drink the water collected and stored in various parts of the plants such as their stems, roots and leaves. For example, the spider monkey would make use of a special plant whose leaves are shaped like a cup. By attaching these cup-like leaves to the tree, spider monkeys would be able to drink the rainwater stored in them when they need more supplies of water.

獨立寫作


Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? As modern life becomes more complex, it is essential for young people to have the ability to plan and organize. 



Do you agree or disagree with the following statement. Movies and television have more negative effects than positive effects on the way young people behave.



Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to attract good students, a university should spend a lot of money funding social activities. 



Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In the modern world, we should never be impolite to another person.



Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students could receive a better, more efficient education if they spend 11 months a year studying. 



Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to truly relax and reduce stress is to spend time alone. 


綜合寫作


閱讀：某個地方的洞穴Erdstall可能有三種用途
【1】儲存牲口或糧食
【2】當shelter，躲避強盜attack
【3】宗教用途。靈魂等候區（為死去的人提供場所，讓他們等待超生）
聽力裡駁斥：
【1】洞會漏雨水，儲存食物不方便。在冬天Erdstall都被淹沒了，而且也沒發現裡面有穀類殘留
【2】Erdstall太小了，只能勉強裝下一家人。而且存氧氣很少，只夠一個人的量。另外，只有一個入口，不太可能像為了逃跑設計的。
【3】宗教用途如果是的話，應該所有有共同宗教信仰的村子都有，但是有的村子有，有的村子没有。


閱讀：GM plant有好處
【1】可以導入抗蟲基因，少用殺蟲劑，有利於保護環境
【2】可以耐乾旱，在非洲種可以提高農民收入
【3】可以讓大米里含更多維生素a，防止維a缺乏。
聽力部分認為gm的好處被誇大了，因為：
【1】這種基因如果擴散到野草裡，那野草也該瘋長了，一樣破壞生態平衡
【2】農民往往用去年的種子播種，用gm種子的話就得年年買新種子，多花的錢也許比多賺的還多。
【3】含維生素a的蔬菜有的是，含量還比這種gm大米高，為什麼不建議人們吃蔬菜就得了。


Passage 講述養魚場作為世界上主要的提供魚類食物的farm對環境可能會造成嚴重影響：
【1】 魚產生大量的by-product，滋生細菌污染環境
【2】一些飼養的魚逃跑跟野生魚交配產生存活能力低的後代
【3】 漁場浪費大量珍貴資源
professor說事實上這些問題都有已經找到了解決辦法：
【1】有一種細菌可以吃魚的排泄物，這種細菌會打出來
【2】事實上人工飼養的魚由於基因變異不大可能跟野生的魚交配成功
【3】科學家已經在找到方法通過recycle water使養蝦時使用的被污染的清水可以使用，而且一種生物(會打出來)可以在鹽水中生存


閱讀部分：
閱讀材料說了防止Asian carp進入Great Lakes 的三種方案
【1】 construct walls in Great Lakes
【2】利用electrical charged device to eliminate Asian carp.
【3】 two-step measure. First, 通過toxic chemicals 把所有的魚毒死。Second, 再引進native species.　
聽力反駁：
【1】這個對shipping有影響，cargo 要從一個船reload到另一個船上，增加了cost.
【2】這樣無法覆蓋全面，carp可以遊到other side 從而進入lake
【3】這種做法unpredictable，dangerous. 而且利用toxic chemical 之後可能會導致whole ecosystem發生變化，不利於魚類生長。


閱讀：鯡魚是一種經濟魚類，然而現在,在某個bay，鯡魚的數量大大下降，政府建議說應該限制鯡魚的捕撈。文章反駁說這種說法達不到效果，原因有三：
【1】政府沒有考慮到鯡魚的predator，有一種魚吃掉了很大數量的鯡魚，這才是鯡魚數量下降的主要原因，所以應該控制鯡魚的捕食者的數量。
【2】鯡魚是livestock和poultry的主要蛋白質來源，如果限制了捕撈那麼很多farm就得不到蛋白質來源，從而受到影響。
【3】fishing limit還會減少很多就業崗位，很多鯡魚的捕撈者，加工者和交易商會因為鯡魚產業的蕭條而失去工作，這個產業提供了本地區的大多數就業機會，整個地區的經濟會因此受到影響。
聽力裡駁斥：
1】鯡魚的predator是part of the whole ecosystem，它的存在使很多其他種類的魚的數量under control。所以更好的做法還是限制捕撈，不要disturb the balance of environment
2】作為蛋白質來源，鯡魚可以被soybean所替代。因為大豆對於livestock 和poultry來說也是很好的蛋白質來源並且大豆供給充足。 Farm根本不會受限制捕撈的影響。
3】文中說經濟會受影響真是目光短淺。 這種fishing limit只是temporary的，目的只是為了讓鯡魚數量回到正常水準，一旦回到了正常水準，漁業又可以繁榮發展起來。如果現在不限制捕撈，以後整個經濟才會真正的collapse。